Capilano River Regional Park, District of North Vancouver, near Giant Fir Trail
Latitude
49.35N
Longitude
123.11W
Altitude
90 m
Date
21/10/2006 (DD/MM/YYYY)
GeneBank Accession Number
EF530922
Morphological Description
Collector
Toko Mori
Number
TMori1
Other Collectors
Determined by
Toko Mori
Host Substratum
ground (covered by moss)
Notes
<Macroscopic characters>
cap size (in diameter) 11cm, 9cm, 5cm, 3.5cm
shape plane when young, depressed when mature
color brown with the center darker brown
surface smooth and moist, not hygrophanous
margin incurved when young, undulating when mature
gills decurrent, close, white to cream, unequal with short gills
stipe size (in length) 14cm, 13cm, 10cm, 8.5cm
(in thickness) 2cm, 1.5cm, 1cm, 0.7cm
central, solid, light brown, end enlarged and slightly
curved,
annulus (-), volva (-), white mycelium attached at the end
spore print white
odor mild, taste mild, latex (-), staining (-)
<Microscopic characters>
basidiospores 8.75~3.75 micrometers, spindle-shaped,
with small notche at both ends, not stained with
Melzer's agent(inamyloid, indextrinoid),
with four spores on each basidium
cystidia ca.30 micrometers long, elongated, partitioned into
small segments like an ear of corn (see drawing)
A basidium with elongated sterigmata was also found. (see
drawing) They may be the "germinated sterigmata" mentioned
in "North American Species of Clitoybe" by H. E. Bigelow.
<Comparison>
According to "North American Species of Clitocybe" by H.E.Bigelow, "C.avellaneialba is rarely confused with any other, except perhaps C.clavipes." However, in "Mushrooms Demystified" by D.Arora,it could be confused with C.leopardina. Therefore, I am going to make comparisons with these two species.
1. Clitocybe leopardina (no specimens found in the herbarium)
differences from C.avellaneialba
caps smaller (5-10cm), viscid brown that becomes paler in age,
gills pinkish buff with grayish tint that becomes yellower in age,
stipe shorter (3-6(-8) cm), thinner (1.5-2.5cm),
basidiospores more broadly ellipsoid (4.5-6∞~3-4ƒÊm)
None of these characters applied in my specimens, especially the color change in the cap and the shape of spores. Thus, there is very little possibility that my specimens are C.leopardina.
2. Clitocybe clavipes
differences from C.avellaneialba
caps smaller (2-10cm), grayish-olive brown,
gills white that turns yellowish buff in age,
stipe shorter (2-7cm), thinner (0.5cm-1.2cm),
odor fragrant (grape-like)
To summarize, C.clavipes is smaller than C.avellaneialba in general and the former has more yellowish gills. I made sure of these traits by comparing specimens at the herbarium. (C.clavipes : F12286, 13380, 15647, 15686, 15710. C.avellaneialba: F10261, 12011, 12151, 12213, 13607, 17827, 17828) I also had the impression that C.clavipes had a lighter brown cap than C.avellaneialba. In addition, comparing the specimens above, I noticed another possible differential character. The decurrent gills of C.avellaneialba gradually merge into the ridges on the stipe, which are formed during the drying process, whereas in C.clavipes, one can see a clear line that separates gills from the stipe. It is not merely a difference in color between the gills and the stipe, but a distinct termination of gills at the point of attachment on the stipe. The gradual transition of gills and stipe was found in the online images of the type specimen of C.avellaneialba at the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
http://207.156.243.8/emu/vh/specimen.php?irn=731305
From the observations above, I conclude that my specimens are Clitocybe avellaneialba.
<The distribution of this species in BC (from the herbarium records)>
Three of the specimens were collected in the UBC Endowment Lands. There was one collected on Saturna Island (further detail unknown,) ca.48N, 123W. One from Squamish, 49.45'N, 123.10'W. One from Maple Ridge Malcom Knapp Research Forest,
49.16'N, 122.30'W. Therefore, C.avellaneialba seems to grow diffusely, at least in southern coastal British Columbia.
<References>
Howard E. Bigelow, North American Species of Clitocybe. Part 1. Gantner Verlag, (1982)
David Arora, Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi, Ten Speed Press, (1986)
Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest, http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/biodiversity/matchmaker/index_e.html#menu
The New York Botanical Garden Steere Herbarium
http://207.156.243.8/emu/vh/specimen.php?irn=731305
Habitat
moist, under a fallen hemlock tree; young maple trees found nearby,
gregarious (in a group of ten)
DNA sequence in GeneBank
Name of Sequencer
Specimen Images
Cap shape when mature
2 funnel
phylum
Basidiomycota
material collected
gilled mushroom
morphology summary
Material collected: gilled mushroom
Habit: 2 numerous or trooping, but not in clumps
Color of top surface: 9 brown- use when other browns do not fit
Secondary color top surface: 11 dark brown
Spore print color: 1 white
Hymenium color when young: 1 white
Hymenium color when mature: 1 white
Spore length: 8.75
Spore width: 3.75
Smell: 2 mild/none
Taste: 3 mild/none
Flesh hardness: 2 firm, fleshy
Cap shape when mature: 2 funnel
Cap shape in center: 3 depressed
Cap shape from above: 1 circular-even if wavy
Cap color with age: 9 brown- use when other browns do not fit
Cap stain color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Cap width: 119535
Cap surface texture: 2 smooth
Cap stickiness: 5 moist feel
Cap has concentric zones of color: No
Cap stalk easily part: No
Cap hygrophanous: No
Cap flesh color: 9 brown- use when other browns do not fit
Cap flesh stain color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Flesh toughness: 3 tough - does not tear easily
Flesh fracture: 3 fibrous-tears easier in one direction
Cap cross section: 1 upturned
Cap margin surface: 2 smooth
Cap edge: 2 wavy or lobed
Stipe shape: 2 clavate
Stipe core: 1 solid
Stipe position: 1 central
Stipe flesh hardness: 2 firm, fleshy
Stipe flesh toughness: 3 tough - does not tear easily
Stipe flesh fracture: 3 fibrous-tears easier in one direction
Stipe flesh color: 1 white
Stipe flesh stain color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Stipe primary color: 8 tan - light brown
Stipe stain color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Stipe surface texture: 10 smooth
Stipe width: 2015107
Stipe length: 14013011085
Gill attachment: 3 decurrent
Gill collarium: No
Gill sawtooth edge: No
Hymenium stain color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Gills deliquescent: No
Gills mottled face: No
Gills secede from stalk: No
Gills anastomosing: No
Gills forked: No
Ring type: 5 none
Partial veil type: 5 none
Ring location on stalk: 5 none
Ring number: 3 none
Ring color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Volva type: 6 none
Volva color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Latex color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Latex stain color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Reaction Melzer's color: 17 none - no stains or not applicable
Spore shape: 8 spindle
Spore ornamentation: 1 smooth
cystidia: see description below